Category: Անգլերեն

Living abroad more often than not means living in a completely new and unknown place as well. Normally this is fine, you get to meet a load of fun new people, live with exciting new friends or try out the experience of living alone. You are never really tempted to stay in and laze about on the internet as there is too much to do and see. It is exciting. But there are times where this does become a problem, at least for me, this is when I am sick.

In Mexico, travellers’ sickness happens to everyone at one point or another. (An interesting fact: In Mexico travellers’ sickness is affectionately known as Montezuma’s revenge. Supposedly it is the revenge that the last Aztec emperor who was at power during the time of the Spanish conquest exacts on European visitors) I am lucky in that I lasted 2 and half months before I succumbed.

It hasn’t been all bad, many of my friends and colleagues have been helping me taking me to the doctor and the pharmacy, helping me to get medicines and explain all the weirdSpanish medical words that I don’t understand, however none of this makes up for the fact that I am sick and my mum is 1000s of miles away and unable to look after me. It is quite sad and pathetic, I know. I am meant to be a strong independent woman who can live wherever she wants and adapt to anything. But when I get sick I regress to the childlike state of wanting my mum to bring me cut up apples, take my temperature and generally look after me. All while telling me that everything will be alright and I will get better soon. It is wonderful to realise that I have many friends who care and worry about me, but none of them can even come close to taking the place of my mum when I am sick.

Discussion

What do you do when you are away from home and you get sick?

Աղբյուր

Fill in the correct form of the PRESENT TENSE (simple and progressive)

Dear Editor, I am writing this letter because it seems to me that far too many changes are taking place in my country these days, and, as a result, we are losing our identity. I live in a small town, but even this town is changing before my eyes. For example, town authorities are building a burger place where my favourite restaurant used to be. Our culture belongs to everybody, and I don’t understand why the town leaders don’t do more to preserve it. They simply don’t care. In fact, I am thinking of starting an action group. I am appearing on a TV show on Friday evening to make people aware of how important this issue is. It’s time for us to start doing something before it gets too late.

Past Tense – Simple or Progressive: Fill in the correct form

I saw Sue in town yesterday, but she did not see me. She was looking the other way.I met Tom and Jane at the airport a few weeks ago. They were going to Berlin, and I was going to Madrid. We had a chat while we were waiting for our flights.I was cycling home yesterday when suddenly a man stepped out into the road in front of me. I was going quite fast, but luckily, I managed to stop in time and did not hit him.Jerry was waiting for me when I arrived.“What were you doing at this time yesterday?” – “I was asleep.”“Did you go out last night?” – “No, I was too tired.”“Was Carol at the party last night?” – “Yes, she was wearing a really nice dress.”How fast were you driving when the accident happened?John took a photo of me while I was not looking.We were in a very difficult position. We did not know what to do.I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last saw him, he was trying to find a job in Leeds.I was walking along the street when suddenly I heard footsteps behind me. Somebody was following me. I was frightened and started to run.When I was young, I wanted to be a bus driver.While Mike was watching TV, Sheila was reading a book.She was waiting for the bus when I saw her yesterday.On Sunday, I went for a walk and then I visited the museum.He was preparing lunch when the first guests arrived.She was sleeping when she suddenly heard a strange noise.We were sailing on the lake when a terrible thunderstorm came up.Some minutes later, his friend came to take him to the airport.While his friend was driving the car, John was talking about his holidays.John was having a shower when the telephone rang.When they arrived at the airport, the plane had already flown high above their heads.They went to the restaurant and had a cup of coffee.While the football teams were warming up, the fans were waving their flags.

Past or Present Perfect Tense – Simple form

The weather has been awful in the past few days.We have washed the dishes. They’re clean now.Has your course started yet?Emma packed her suitcase last night.They have closed the factory. – Really? When did that happen?Shall we play tennis? We haven’t played since we were children.The airplane has landed. The pilot is just getting out.Prices have gone up. Everything is more expensive this year.I’m tired. We have walked 10 miles.The Queen arrived in an RAF helicopter last night.How long has Vicky had that camera? – For about a month.We have just come back from our holidays.Your parcel has arrived. The postman brought it two hours ago.He has been at his computer for two hours.We lived there for ten years, but we have been in Birmingham for the last two.We haven’t had a party for ages.My sister’s car is only a year old, but she has already crashed it.Dinosaurs roamed the earth millions of years ago.It hasn’t rained yet today.Did you see last week’s magazine? — It must be here somewhere.

Active or Passive Voice (Simple Present)

1.He sells cars.

2.The blue car is sold.

3.In summer, more ice-cream is eaten than in winter.

4.She calls her grandparents every Friday.

5.The letters are typed.

6.He takes his medicine every day.

7.Jane is not taken to school by her father.

8.We go to school by bus.

9.She does not work for a bank.

10.Milk is kept in the refrigerator.

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Rewrite the sentences in Passive Voice

1.He opens the door. – The door is opened.

2.We set the table. – The table is set.

3.She pays a lot of money. – A lot of money is paid.

4.I draw a picture. – A picture is drawn.

5.They wear blue shoes. – Blue shoes are worn.

6.They don’t help you. – You are not helped.

7.He doesn’t open the book. – The book is not opened.

8.You do not write the letter. – The letter is not written.

9.Does your mum pick you up? – Are you picked up by your mum?

10.Does the police officer catch the thief? – Is the thief caught by the police officer?

English in Mind, pages 28, 29, 30

• will/won’t, might (not) / may (not) for prediction

*if/unless + first conditional

• Vocabulary: the environment

1 Read and listen

a Look at the photos and the title. How is Paris trying to solve its traffic problems?

Read the text and check your ideas.

Water

1.How much water is there on, in, and above the Earth?

1.386 billion cubic kilometers (km³)

All Earth’s water, liquid fresh water, and water in lakes and rivers

The Earth is a watery place. But just how much water exists on, in, and above our planet? About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is water-covered, and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earth’s water. Water also exists in the air as water vapor, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the ground as soil moisture and in aquifers, and even in you and your dog.

Water is never sitting still. Thanks to the water cycle, our planet’s water supply is constantly moving from one place to another and from one form to another. Things would get pretty stale without the water cycle!

1.Where does water come from?

^{Water on Earth likely came from two main sources: volcanoes releasing it as steam long ago, and icy comets crashing into Earth, bringing water with them.}

2.Why do cold water bottles and soft-drink bottles sweat?

^{When a cold bottle is in warm air, moisture from the air cools down, forming tiny water droplets on the bottle’s surface. This is the same process as condensation.}

3.When does water boil?

^{Water boils at 100°C(212°F) at sea level. Higher up (like on a mountain), it boils at a lower temperature because of less air pressure.}

4.Why is water blue?

^{Water looks blue because it absorbs red light and reflects blue light. This effect is more noticeable in large amounts of water, like oceans or lakes.}

5.When is water the most dense?

^{Water is densest at 4°C(39°F).}

Water Facts

Water could be the key to finding life. Almost all Earth’s water is in the oceans. Most freshwater is in ice. The amount of salt in salt water varies. A lot can live in one drop of water. Some water may have come from comets. Our bodies are mostly water, like 80%.

Water is made up of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Its chemical formula is H2O.Each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a single oxygen atom. The existence of water is essential for life on Earth. Water has three different states, liquid, solid and gas. The word water usually refers to water in its liquid state. The solid state of water is known as ice while the gas state of water is known as steam or water vapor. Water covers around 70% of the Earth’s surface. The three largest oceans on Earth are the Pacific Ocean (largest), the Atlantic Ocean (second largest) and the Indian Ocean (third largest). More ocean facts. Found in the Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is the deepest known point in the world’s oceans. Ocean tides are caused by the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun acting on ocean water. Water from a sea or ocean is known as seawater. On average, every kilogram (2.2lb) of seawater contains around 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salt. The freezing point of water lowers as the amount of salt dissolved in at increases. With average levels of salt, seawater freezes at -2 °C (28.4 °F).The longest river in the world is the Nile River, it reaches 6650 kilometers in length (4132 miles).The second longest river in the world is the Amazon River, it reaches 6400 kilometers (4000 miles) in length. The longest river in the USA is the Missouri River. At around 2,340 miles (3,770 km) in length it is slightly longer than the Mississippi River (2,320 miles). The two combine to form the longest river system in North America. Water makes a good solvent with many sugar, salts and acids easily dissolving in it. On the other hand oils and fats don’t mix well with water. The water cycle involves water evaporating (turning into a gas), rising to the sky, cooling and condensing into tiny drops of water or ice crystals that we see as clouds, falling back to Earth as rain, snow or hail before evaporating again and continuing the cycle. Learn more about the water cycle. Water in the form of ice is found at the polar ice caps of the planet Mars, some scientists have also suggested the possibility of liquid water on the red planet. Pure water has no smell and no taste, it also has a pH level around 7.While most people know that water boils at 100 °C (212 °F), this is at the normal conditions of sea level. The boiling point of water actually changes relative to the barometric pressure. For example, water boils at just 68 °C (154 °F) on the top of Mount Everest while water deep in the ocean near geothermal vents can remain in liquid form at temperatures much higher than 100 °C (212 °F).Water expands as it cools from 4 °C to 0 °C (above 4 °C it does the opposite). In freezing conditions, water has been known to burst water pipes as it freezes to ice. Water can move up narrow tubes against the force of gravity in what is known as capillary action. Most people around the world have access to clean drinking water but it is a major problem in poorer areas of the world. Water pollution and low quality water can lead to dangerous bacteria, disease and viruses . Drinking water is needed for humans to avoid dehydration, the amount you need each day depends on the temperature, how much activity you are involved in and other factors. An important use for water is in agricultural irrigation, this is when water is artificially added to soil in order to assist the growth of crops. Water is used frequently by firefighters to extinguish fires. Helicopters sometimes drop large amount of water on wildfires and bushfires to stop fires spreading and limit the damage they can cause. The water industry helps deliver water to homes in various cities and countries around the world. This can involve services such as purification, sewage treatment, filtering, distillation and plumbing. Electricity can be created from hydropower, a process that uses water to drive water turbines connected to generators. There are many hydroelectric power stations around the world. Water also plays a role in cooking. Steaming and boiling food are well known cooking methods. You may have noticed this last time you made pasta or noodles. Water is also used for fun. Water sports are a very popular recreational activity and include things like swimming, surfing and waterskiing. Ice and snow is also used in ice skating, ice hockey, skiing and snowboarding.

What did they invent?

What is the greatest invention of the year?
What do you think an inventor’s life is like?	in my opinion it’s a cool.
What is the world’s most dangerous invention?	Nuclear weapons, war, Global Threat, Radiation.
What is the coolest invention ever?	Sport, Internet, Smartphones, Electricity, Airplanes, Cars, Space Travel.
Have you ever thought about inventing anything?

to be honest no.

Revision exercises

My Hero

My Hobby

English Homework

My Summer Holidays

September 16-20

Fill in the blanks with the past continuous form of the verbs given in brackets.

1. The children were playing hide and seek in the park. (play)
2. They were going to the movies. (go)
3. I was reading the book you gave me on my birthday. (read)
4. Winnie was stitching her new dress. (stitch)
5. The dogs were barking all night. (bark)
6. Ron was cleaning his room when he heard the noise. (clean)
7. It was getting darker with each passing moment. (get)
8. The gardener was watering the lawn. (water)
9. The army was going to Ladakh when the enemy attacked them. (go)
10. My sister was riding a Royal Enfield yesterday. (ride)
11. The students were working on their assignments. (work)
12. That boy was dancing in class. (dance)
13. The kid was watching television all evening. (watch)
14. The girl was listening to rock music. (listen)
15. The birds were flying in the sky. (fly)

Exercise 2 – Change into the past continuous tense

1. Raj was drinking coffee.
2. Sweta was singing her favourite song.
3. Siraj was leaving home.
4. My friends were playing on the field.
5. I was going to France.
6. The boy was crying all night.
7. The cat was running in the streets.
8. I was performing at the school function.
9. The parrot was talking back.
10. Tia was visiting her granny.

Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).

1. When I phoned my friends, they were playing monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six, I was preparing dinner.
3. The kids were playing in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I was practicing the guitar when he came home.
5. We were not cycling all day.
6. While Alan was working in his room, his friends were swimming in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth, but they were not listening.
8. What were you doing yesterday?
9. Most of the time, we were sitting in the park.
10. I was listening to the radio while my sister was watching TV.
11. When I arrived, they were playing cards.
12. We were studying English yesterday at 4:00 pm.

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Translation into English

Մենք իններորդ դասարանցիներ ենք և սովորում ենք «Մխիթար Սեբաստացի» կրթահամալիրի ավագ դպրոցում: Մեր դպրոցը մեծ է և գեղեցիկ: Դասասենյակների պատերը թափանցիկ են: Մենք հաճախ ենք ճամփորդում: Դպրոցն ունի մարզասրահներ, գրադարան, ընթերցասրահ, համերգասրահներ: Մենք շատ հետաքրքրություններ ունենք: Մենք սիրում ենք սպորտ, պար, երաժշտություն, լեզուներ: Մեզնից ոմանք հաճախում են պարի դասերի, մյուսները՝ նկարչության կամ դաշնամուրի: Մենք բոլորս սիրում ենք երգել և պարել ժողովրդական և ժամանակակից երգեր և պարեր: Մենք սովորում ենք տարբեր լեզուներ՝ հայերեն, ռուսերեն, անգլերեն, ֆրանսերեն, իտալերեն, իսպաներեն, թուրքերեն և այլն: Մենք պարապում ենք տարբեր մարզաձևեր՝ ֆուտբոլ, կարատե և այլն: Մեզնից ոմանք հաճույքի համար են պարապում, մյուսներն ուզում են դառնալ պրոֆեսիոնալ մարզիկներ: Մենք սիրում ենք համակարգչային և սեղանի խաղեր:

Translation:

We are ninth graders and study at the high school of the “Mkhitar Sebastatsi” educational complex. Our school is large and beautiful. The walls of the classrooms are transparent. We often travel. The school has gyms, a library, a reading room, and concert halls. We have many interests. We love sports, dancing, music, and languages. Some of us attend dance classes, others go to art or piano lessons. We all love singing and dancing to both folk and modern songs and dances. We learn different languages: Armenian, Russian, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Turkish, and so on. We do various sports: football, karate, etc. Some of us do it for fun, while others want to become professional athletes. We enjoy computer and board games.

My hero

My parents are my real heroes. They’ve done everything for me, always putting my needs first. They work hard every day, not for recognition, but to make sure I have a better life. Their love, strength, and sacrifices have shaped who I am.

They are always there when I need them, no matter what. They listen, guide, and support me without asking for anything in return. To me, that’s what a hero really is—someone who cares deeply and stands by you through everything.

I’m grateful every day for all they do. They don’t need to wear a cape to be heroes in my eyes. They already are.

What does heroism mean to you? Do heroes exist?

A hero embodies qualities like courage, selflessness, and integrity. Yes, heroes exist, often in both big and small ways.

Not all heroes are famous. Can you think of any examples?

Local firefighters or volunteers can be heroes in their communities, making significant impacts without widespread recognition.

What happens when people become heroes?

Becoming a hero can bring added pressure to maintain that image, leading to stress as societal expectations rise.

Can you think of heroes who have become villains due to scandals?

Yes, public figures like Lance Armstrong and Bill Cosby were once celebrated but faced backlash due to scandals, altering public perception drastically.

Should athletes live differently because they are heroes?

There’s an argument for it; their influence can shape societal values, and their actions can inspire or mislead fans, especially younger ones.

What do you think about the salaries of sports stars?

Salaries can seem disproportionate compared to other professions, but they reflect market demand and the entertainment value they provide.

Do you have any personal heroes? Why?

Personal heroes often include family members or mentors who offer guidance, support, and inspiration.

Have you ever had a personal hero who let you down?

It’s common to feel let down when heroes reveal flaws; it reminds us that everyone is human.

Would you like to be a hero? What kind?

Being a hero in any capacity that positively impacts others would be fulfilling, whether through kindness, activism, or support.

What makes a hero a hero?

Courage, integrity, and the willingness to help others, often at personal cost, define a hero.

Which superhero would you want to be?

Many might choose Spider-Man for his relatability and the balance between responsibility and personal life.

What are some challenges of being a hero?

Heroes face scrutiny and pressure to maintain their status, which can lead to personal struggles.

Who are some national heroes?

For instance, American heroes might include Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, who fought for civil rights.

What are the benefits of being a hero?

Being a hero can bring fulfillment, admiration, and a sense of purpose, along with the ability to inspire change.

What’s the difference between a hero and a fool?

A hero acts with intention and courage for the greater good, while a fool may act recklessly without considering consequences.

Why do people need heroes?

Heroes provide inspiration, role models, and a sense of hope, showing us that positive change is possible.

How do heroes change the world?

Heroes can shift societal norms, inspire movements, and motivate others to act, leading to significant changes.

How do heroes impact our daily lives?

They influence our values, aspirations, and how we perceive ourselves in relation to others and society.

Would you call yourself a hero?

Most people might not consider themselves heroes, but small acts of kindness and support can make a big difference in others’ lives.

My hobby is quite unique because I enjoy two different activities: boxing and collecting perfumes. Boxing is a sport that helps me stay fit and focused. I train regularly, improving my strength and endurance. It’s a great way to release stress, and I love the discipline and skill it requires. Sparring with partners and learning new techniques also keeps things exciting. On the other hand, I have a passion for perfumes. I love exploring different fragrances, each one telling its own story through unique blends of ingredients. From floral to woody, fresh to spicy, collecting perfumes gives me an opportunity to appreciate the art of scent creation. In this way, I balance physical activity with my sensory interest in fragrances, making these two hobbies very rewarding.